加拿大原住民音節文字
加拿大原住民音節文字（英語：，法語：），是一系列的音節文字[1]，用於書寫幾種加拿大境内原住民語言，這些語言分別屬於阿爾岡昆語族、愛斯基摩－阿留申語系和德內語支。目前該文字通行的地區以加拿大北方的努納福特為主，並同時與拉丁字母一起並列使用。
| 加拿大原住民音節文字 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 类型 | |
使用时期 | 1840年至目前 |
| 书写方向 | 從左至右  |
| 语言 | 因紐特語、克里語 |
| 相关书写体系 | |
| 父体系 | |
| ISO 15924 | |
| ISO 15924 | Cans (440), Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics |
| Unicode | |
| 别名 | Canadian Aboriginal |
| 范围 | U+1400–U+167F Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics, U+18B0–U+18FF Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended |
基本造字原則
1841年的加拿大原住民音節文字
| 輔音 | -e | -ē | -i | -ī | -o | -ō | -a | -ā | 韻尾 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (none) | ᐁ | ᐁ | ᐃ | ᐃ | ᐅ | ᐅ | ᐊ | ᐊ | |
| p- | ᐯ | ᐯ | ᐱ | ᐱ | ᐳ | ᐳ | ᐸ | ᐸ | ᑊ |
| t- | ᑌ | ᑌ | ᑎ | ᑎ | ᑐ | ᑐ | ᑕ | ᑕ | ᐟ |
| k- | ᑫ | ᑫ | ᑭ | ᑭ | ᑯ | ᑯ | ᑲ | ᑲ | ᐠ |
| c- | ᒉ | ᒉ | ᒋ | ᒋ | ᒍ | ᒍ | ᒐ | ᒐ | ᐨ |
| m- | ᒣ | ᒣ | ᒥ | ᒥ | ᒧ | ᒧ | ᒪ | ᒪ | ᒼ |
| n- | ᓀ | ᓀ | ᓂ | ᓂ | ᓄ | ᓄ | ᓇ | ᓇ | ᐣ |
| s- | ᓭ | ᓭ | ᓯ | ᓯ | ᓱ | ᓱ | ᓴ | ᓴ | ᐢ |
| y- | ᔦ | ᔦ | ᔨ | ᔨ | ᔪ | ᔪ | ᔭ | ᔭ | ᐧ |
| sp- | Z | Z | (*) | (*) | N | N | И | И | |
| -w- | (音節後加點) | ᐤ | |||||||
| -h | ᐦ | ||||||||
| -hk | ᕽ | ||||||||
| -l | ᓫ | ||||||||
| -r | ᕑ | ||||||||
元音旋轉
如果一組音節有相同的聲母，而聲母後的元音不同，那麽就通過旋轉字符表示元音差異。比如。
ᐃ i ᐱ pi ᑎ ti ᐊ ᐅ a o ᐸ ᐳ pa po ᑕ ᑐ ta to ᐁ e ᐯ pe ᑌ te
ᑭ ᑫ ki ke ᒋ ᒉ ci ce ᒥ ᒣ mi me ᓂ ᓀ ni ne ᓯ ᓭ si se ᔨ ᔦ yi ye ᑲ ᑯ ka ko ᒐ ᒍ ca co ᒪ ᒧ ma mo ᓇ ᓄ na no ᓴ ᓱ sa so ᔭ ᔪ ya yo
歷史
19世紀英國傳教士、語言學家詹姆斯·埃文斯受天城文和速記法的啓發發明了這套文字。
天城文和加拿大原住民文字比較
天城文起源 天城文 克里文 音節 प pa प्ठ ᐸ pa/ba ट ţa टठ ᑕ ta/da ज ja ज्ठ ᒐ cha/ja ग ga ग्ठ ᑯ ko/go म ma म्ठ ᒪ ma न na न्ठ ᓂ ne स sa स्ठ ᓴ sa* य ya य्ठ ᔪ yo 韻尾 ल la ल्ठ ᓫ -l र ra – ᕑ -r व va/wa व्ठ ᐤ -w ः -h ठः ᐦ -h
其他韻尾字符則來自必文速記符：
韻尾的必文速記符起源 韻尾輔音 必文速記符 克里文 -p ᐠ ᑊ -t ᑊ ᐟ -c ᐟ ᐨ -k ᐨ ᐠ -m ᐢ ᒼ -n ᐡ ᐣ -s ᐣ ᐢ -i (-y) · ·
各語言的字符
東克里語
| 聲母 | 元音 | 輔音韻尾 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ê | i | o | a | î | ô | â | ||
| ᐁ | ᐃ | ᐅ | ᐊ | ᐄ | ᐆ | ᐋ | ||
| p | ᐯ | ᐱ | ᐳ | ᐸ | ᐲ | ᐴ | ᐹ | ᑉ |
| t | ᑌ | ᑎ | ᑐ | ᑕ | ᑏ | ᑑ | ᑖ | ᑦ |
| k | ᑫ | ᑭ | ᑯ | ᑲ | ᑮ | ᑰ | ᑳ | ᒃ |
| c | ᒉ | ᒋ | ᒍ | ᒐ | ᒌ | ᒎ | ᒑ | ᒡ |
| m | ᒣ | ᒥ | ᒧ | ᒪ | ᒦ | ᒨ | ᒫ | ᒻ |
| n | ᓀ | ᓂ | ᓄ | ᓇ | ᓃ | ᓅ | ᓈ | ᓐ |
| s | ᓭ | ᓯ | ᓱ | ᓴ | ᓰ | ᓲ | ᓵ | ᔅ |
| sh | ᔐ | ᔑ | ᔓ | ᔕ | ᔒ | ᔔ | ᔖ | ᔥ |
| y | ᔦ | ᔨ | ᔪ | ᔭ | ᔩ | ᔫ | ᔮ | ᔾ (ᐤ) |
| r | ᕃ | ᕆ | ᕈ | ᕋ | ᕇ | ᕉ | ᕌ | ᕐ |
| l | ᓓ | ᓕ | ᓗ | ᓚ | ᓖ | ᓘ | ᓛ | ᓪ |
| v, f | ᕓ | ᕕ | ᕗ | ᕙ | ᕖ | ᕘ | ᕚ | ᕝ |
| th* | ᕞ | ᕠ | ᕤ | ᕦ | ᕢ | ᕥ | ᕧ | ᕪ |
| w | ᐌ | ᐎ | ᐒ | ᐗ | ᐐ | ᐔ | ᐙ | ᐤ |
| h | ᐦᐁ | ᐦᐃ | ᐦᐅ | ᐦᐊ | ᐦᐄ | ᐦᐆ | ᐦᐋ | ᐦ |
因紐特語
| 短 | 長 | 拉丁轉寫 | 短 | 長 | 拉丁轉寫 | 短 | 長 | 拉丁轉寫 | 輔音韻尾 | 拉丁轉寫 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ᐃ | ᐄ | i | ᐅ | ᐆ | u | ᐊ | ᐋ | a | ᐦ | h | |||
| ᐱ | ᐲ | pi | ᐳ | ᐴ | pu | ᐸ | ᐹ | pa | ᑉ | p | |||
| ᑎ | ᑏ | ti | ᑐ | ᑑ | tu | ᑕ | ᑖ | ta | ᑦ | t | |||
| ᑭ | ᑮ | ki | ᑯ | ᑰ | ku | ᑲ | ᑳ | ka | ᒃ | k | |||
| ᒋ | ᒌ | gi | ᒍ | ᒎ | gu | ᒐ | ᒑ | ga | ᒡ | g | |||
| ᒥ | ᒦ | mi | ᒧ | ᒨ | mu | ᒪ | ᒫ | ma | ᒻ | m | |||
| ᓂ | ᓃ | ni | ᓄ | ᓅ | nu | ᓇ | ᓈ | na | ᓐ | n | |||
| ᓯ | ᓰ | si | ᓱ | ᓲ | su | ᓴ | ᓵ | sa | ᔅ | s | |||
| ᓕ | ᓖ | li | ᓗ | ᓘ | lu | ᓚ | ᓛ | la | ᓪ | l | |||
| ᔨ | ᔩ | ji | ᔪ | ᔫ | ju | ᔭ | ᔮ | ja | ᔾ | j | |||
| ᕕ | ᕖ | vi | ᕗ | ᕘ | vu | ᕙ | ᕚ | va | ᕝ | v | |||
| ᕆ | ᕇ | ri | ᕈ | ᕉ | ru | ᕋ | ᕌ | ra | ᕐ | r | |||
| ᕿ | ᖀ | qi | ᖁ | ᖂ | qu | ᖃ | ᖄ | qa | ᖅ | q | |||
| ᖏ | ᖐ | ngi | ᖑ | ᖒ | ngu | ᖓ | ᖔ | nga | ᖕ | ng | |||
| ᙱ | ᙲ | nngi | ᙳ | ᙴ | nngu | ᙵ | ᙶ | nnga | ᖖ | nng | |||
| ᖠ | ᖡ | łi | ᖢ | ᖣ | łu | ᖤ | ᖥ | ła | ᖦ | ł |
Unicode加拿大原住民音節文字
| 加拿大原住民音節文字 Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics[1] Unicode 联盟官方碼表 (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+140x | ᐀ | ᐁ | ᐂ | ᐃ | ᐄ | ᐅ | ᐆ | ᐇ | ᐈ | ᐉ | ᐊ | ᐋ | ᐌ | ᐍ | ᐎ | ᐏ |
| U+141x | ᐐ | ᐑ | ᐒ | ᐓ | ᐔ | ᐕ | ᐖ | ᐗ | ᐘ | ᐙ | ᐚ | ᐛ | ᐜ | ᐝ | ᐞ | ᐟ |
| U+142x | ᐠ | ᐡ | ᐢ | ᐣ | ᐤ | ᐥ | ᐦ | ᐧ | ᐨ | ᐩ | ᐪ | ᐫ | ᐬ | ᐭ | ᐮ | ᐯ |
| U+143x | ᐰ | ᐱ | ᐲ | ᐳ | ᐴ | ᐵ | ᐶ | ᐷ | ᐸ | ᐹ | ᐺ | ᐻ | ᐼ | ᐽ | ᐾ | ᐿ |
| U+144x | ᑀ | ᑁ | ᑂ | ᑃ | ᑄ | ᑅ | ᑆ | ᑇ | ᑈ | ᑉ | ᑊ | ᑋ | ᑌ | ᑍ | ᑎ | ᑏ |
| U+145x | ᑐ | ᑑ | ᑒ | ᑓ | ᑔ | ᑕ | ᑖ | ᑗ | ᑘ | ᑙ | ᑚ | ᑛ | ᑜ | ᑝ | ᑞ | ᑟ |
| U+146x | ᑠ | ᑡ | ᑢ | ᑣ | ᑤ | ᑥ | ᑦ | ᑧ | ᑨ | ᑩ | ᑪ | ᑫ | ᑬ | ᑭ | ᑮ | ᑯ |
| U+147x | ᑰ | ᑱ | ᑲ | ᑳ | ᑴ | ᑵ | ᑶ | ᑷ | ᑸ | ᑹ | ᑺ | ᑻ | ᑼ | ᑽ | ᑾ | ᑿ |
| U+148x | ᒀ | ᒁ | ᒂ | ᒃ | ᒄ | ᒅ | ᒆ | ᒇ | ᒈ | ᒉ | ᒊ | ᒋ | ᒌ | ᒍ | ᒎ | ᒏ |
| U+149x | ᒐ | ᒑ | ᒒ | ᒓ | ᒔ | ᒕ | ᒖ | ᒗ | ᒘ | ᒙ | ᒚ | ᒛ | ᒜ | ᒝ | ᒞ | ᒟ |
| U+14Ax | ᒠ | ᒡ | ᒢ | ᒣ | ᒤ | ᒥ | ᒦ | ᒧ | ᒨ | ᒩ | ᒪ | ᒫ | ᒬ | ᒭ | ᒮ | ᒯ |
| U+14Bx | ᒰ | ᒱ | ᒲ | ᒳ | ᒴ | ᒵ | ᒶ | ᒷ | ᒸ | ᒹ | ᒺ | ᒻ | ᒼ | ᒽ | ᒾ | ᒿ |
| U+14Cx | ᓀ | ᓁ | ᓂ | ᓃ | ᓄ | ᓅ | ᓆ | ᓇ | ᓈ | ᓉ | ᓊ | ᓋ | ᓌ | ᓍ | ᓎ | ᓏ |
| U+14Dx | ᓐ | ᓑ | ᓒ | ᓓ | ᓔ | ᓕ | ᓖ | ᓗ | ᓘ | ᓙ | ᓚ | ᓛ | ᓜ | ᓝ | ᓞ | ᓟ |
| U+14Ex | ᓠ | ᓡ | ᓢ | ᓣ | ᓤ | ᓥ | ᓦ | ᓧ | ᓨ | ᓩ | ᓪ | ᓫ | ᓬ | ᓭ | ᓮ | ᓯ |
| U+14Fx | ᓰ | ᓱ | ᓲ | ᓳ | ᓴ | ᓵ | ᓶ | ᓷ | ᓸ | ᓹ | ᓺ | ᓻ | ᓼ | ᓽ | ᓾ | ᓿ |
| U+150x | ᔀ | ᔁ | ᔂ | ᔃ | ᔄ | ᔅ | ᔆ | ᔇ | ᔈ | ᔉ | ᔊ | ᔋ | ᔌ | ᔍ | ᔎ | ᔏ |
| U+151x | ᔐ | ᔑ | ᔒ | ᔓ | ᔔ | ᔕ | ᔖ | ᔗ | ᔘ | ᔙ | ᔚ | ᔛ | ᔜ | ᔝ | ᔞ | ᔟ |
| U+152x | ᔠ | ᔡ | ᔢ | ᔣ | ᔤ | ᔥ | ᔦ | ᔧ | ᔨ | ᔩ | ᔪ | ᔫ | ᔬ | ᔭ | ᔮ | ᔯ |
| U+153x | ᔰ | ᔱ | ᔲ | ᔳ | ᔴ | ᔵ | ᔶ | ᔷ | ᔸ | ᔹ | ᔺ | ᔻ | ᔼ | ᔽ | ᔾ | ᔿ |
| U+154x | ᕀ | ᕁ | ᕂ | ᕃ | ᕄ | ᕅ | ᕆ | ᕇ | ᕈ | ᕉ | ᕊ | ᕋ | ᕌ | ᕍ | ᕎ | ᕏ |
| U+155x | ᕐ | ᕑ | ᕒ | ᕓ | ᕔ | ᕕ | ᕖ | ᕗ | ᕘ | ᕙ | ᕚ | ᕛ | ᕜ | ᕝ | ᕞ | ᕟ |
| U+156x | ᕠ | ᕡ | ᕢ | ᕣ | ᕤ | ᕥ | ᕦ | ᕧ | ᕨ | ᕩ | ᕪ | ᕫ | ᕬ | ᕭ | ᕮ | ᕯ |
| U+157x | ᕰ | ᕱ | ᕲ | ᕳ | ᕴ | ᕵ | ᕶ | ᕷ | ᕸ | ᕹ | ᕺ | ᕻ | ᕼ | ᕽ | ᕾ | ᕿ |
| U+158x | ᖀ | ᖁ | ᖂ | ᖃ | ᖄ | ᖅ | ᖆ | ᖇ | ᖈ | ᖉ | ᖊ | ᖋ | ᖌ | ᖍ | ᖎ | ᖏ |
| U+159x | ᖐ | ᖑ | ᖒ | ᖓ | ᖔ | ᖕ | ᖖ | ᖗ | ᖘ | ᖙ | ᖚ | ᖛ | ᖜ | ᖝ | ᖞ | ᖟ |
| U+15Ax | ᖠ | ᖡ | ᖢ | ᖣ | ᖤ | ᖥ | ᖦ | ᖧ | ᖨ | ᖩ | ᖪ | ᖫ | ᖬ | ᖭ | ᖮ | ᖯ |
| U+15Bx | ᖰ | ᖱ | ᖲ | ᖳ | ᖴ | ᖵ | ᖶ | ᖷ | ᖸ | ᖹ | ᖺ | ᖻ | ᖼ | ᖽ | ᖾ | ᖿ |
| U+15Cx | ᗀ | ᗁ | ᗂ | ᗃ | ᗄ | ᗅ | ᗆ | ᗇ | ᗈ | ᗉ | ᗊ | ᗋ | ᗌ | ᗍ | ᗎ | ᗏ |
| U+15Dx | ᗐ | ᗑ | ᗒ | ᗓ | ᗔ | ᗕ | ᗖ | ᗗ | ᗘ | ᗙ | ᗚ | ᗛ | ᗜ | ᗝ | ᗞ | ᗟ |
| U+15Ex | ᗠ | ᗡ | ᗢ | ᗣ | ᗤ | ᗥ | ᗦ | ᗧ | ᗨ | ᗩ | ᗪ | ᗫ | ᗬ | ᗭ | ᗮ | ᗯ |
| U+15Fx | ᗰ | ᗱ | ᗲ | ᗳ | ᗴ | ᗵ | ᗶ | ᗷ | ᗸ | ᗹ | ᗺ | ᗻ | ᗼ | ᗽ | ᗾ | ᗿ |
| U+160x | ᘀ | ᘁ | ᘂ | ᘃ | ᘄ | ᘅ | ᘆ | ᘇ | ᘈ | ᘉ | ᘊ | ᘋ | ᘌ | ᘍ | ᘎ | ᘏ |
| U+161x | ᘐ | ᘑ | ᘒ | ᘓ | ᘔ | ᘕ | ᘖ | ᘗ | ᘘ | ᘙ | ᘚ | ᘛ | ᘜ | ᘝ | ᘞ | ᘟ |
| U+162x | ᘠ | ᘡ | ᘢ | ᘣ | ᘤ | ᘥ | ᘦ | ᘧ | ᘨ | ᘩ | ᘪ | ᘫ | ᘬ | ᘭ | ᘮ | ᘯ |
| U+163x | ᘰ | ᘱ | ᘲ | ᘳ | ᘴ | ᘵ | ᘶ | ᘷ | ᘸ | ᘹ | ᘺ | ᘻ | ᘼ | ᘽ | ᘾ | ᘿ |
| U+164x | ᙀ | ᙁ | ᙂ | ᙃ | ᙄ | ᙅ | ᙆ | ᙇ | ᙈ | ᙉ | ᙊ | ᙋ | ᙌ | ᙍ | ᙎ | ᙏ |
| U+165x | ᙐ | ᙑ | ᙒ | ᙓ | ᙔ | ᙕ | ᙖ | ᙗ | ᙘ | ᙙ | ᙚ | ᙛ | ᙜ | ᙝ | ᙞ | ᙟ |
| U+166x | ᙠ | ᙡ | ᙢ | ᙣ | ᙤ | ᙥ | ᙦ | ᙧ | ᙨ | ᙩ | ᙪ | ᙫ | ᙬ | ᙭ | ᙮ | ᙯ |
| U+167x | ᙰ | ᙱ | ᙲ | ᙳ | ᙴ | ᙵ | ᙶ | ᙷ | ᙸ | ᙹ | ᙺ | ᙻ | ᙼ | ᙽ | ᙾ | ᙿ |
註釋
| ||||||||||||||||
| 统一加拿大原住民音节文字扩展 Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended[1][2] Unicode 联盟官方碼表 (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+18Bx | ᢰ | ᢱ | ᢲ | ᢳ | ᢴ | ᢵ | ᢶ | ᢷ | ᢸ | ᢹ | ᢺ | ᢻ | ᢼ | ᢽ | ᢾ | ᢿ |
| U+18Cx | ᣀ | ᣁ | ᣂ | ᣃ | ᣄ | ᣅ | ᣆ | ᣇ | ᣈ | ᣉ | ᣊ | ᣋ | ᣌ | ᣍ | ᣎ | ᣏ |
| U+18Dx | ᣐ | ᣑ | ᣒ | ᣓ | ᣔ | ᣕ | ᣖ | ᣗ | ᣘ | ᣙ | ᣚ | ᣛ | ᣜ | ᣝ | ᣞ | ᣟ |
| U+18Ex | ᣠ | ᣡ | ᣢ | ᣣ | ᣤ | ᣥ | ᣦ | ᣧ | ᣨ | ᣩ | ᣪ | ᣫ | ᣬ | ᣭ | ᣮ | ᣯ |
| U+18Fx | ᣰ | ᣱ | ᣲ | ᣳ | ᣴ | ᣵ | ||||||||||
| 注釋 | ||||||||||||||||
| 统一加拿大原住民音节文字扩展-A Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended-A[1] Unicode聯盟官方碼表 (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+11ABx | 𑪰 | 𑪱 | 𑪲 | 𑪳 | 𑪴 | 𑪵 | 𑪶 | 𑪷 | 𑪸 | 𑪹 | 𑪺 | 𑪻 | 𑪼 | 𑪽 | 𑪾 | 𑪿 |
註釋
| ||||||||||||||||
注释
- . [2011-10-07]. （原始内容存档于2011-10-07） （英语）.
參考文獻
- Comrie, Bernard. 2005. "Writing systems." Martin Haspelmath, Matthew Dryer, David Gile, Bernard Comrie, eds. The world atlas of language structures, 568-570. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-925591-1
- Murdoch, John. 1981. Syllabics: A successful educational innovation. MEd thesis, University of Manitoba
- Nichols, John. 1996. “The Cree syllabary.” Peter Daniels and William Bright, eds. The world’s writing systems, 599-611. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-507993-0
外部連結
 |
维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：加拿大原住民音節文字 |
- Language Geek: All About Syllabics（页面存档备份，存于）
- Carrier Writing Systems（页面存档备份，存于）
- Paper on Carrier Syllabics（页面存档备份，存于）
- ^ Cree legend describing origins of syllabics
- ^ Description of Evans' manner of casting type at the Rossville mission（页面存档备份，存于）
- ^ Methodist Bible in Cree syllabicsArchive-It的存檔，存档日期2010-12-08
字體下載
- Tiro Typeworks（页面存档备份，存于）. Syllabics fonts for several languages.
- Language Geek（页面存档备份，存于）. Syllabics fonts for several languages.
- Eastern James Bay syllabic fonts and typing packages. Includes links to free Unicode fonts compatible for East Cree spelling, a talking syllabic chart (complete with sounds) and more information about fonts in use in Eastern James Bay Cree communities.
- Noto Sans Canadian Aboriginal
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